Check out a new review paper by Levi Wood and Annabelle Singer “Neurons as Immunomodulators: from Rapid Neural Activity to Prolonged Regulation of Cytokines and Microglia” or here: https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-120158. Here we discuss how neuron-expressed cytokines are an essential mechanism of neuron–microglia communication and play key roles in learning and disease.